I work in the industrial machine building sector and want to know from other people working in this sector if it would be more appropriate to translate the word gear-wheel with "Getrieberad" instead of "Zahnrad" and whether it is commonly used.

A cogwheel as I have understood it is a "Zahnrad".
A gearwheel is one wheel in a gear drive and that would make it a "Getrieberad" because it mostly is not alone, as a cogwheel can be. A gearwheel is for example on the back wheel of a bicycle... and because it is only one wheel in a drive, it is naturally also a cogwheel, but to be more precise, it is a gearwheel because it is part of a gear drive.

Correct me if I am wrong but as far as I can see every gearwheel is a cogwheel, but not every cogwheel is gearwheel and a gearwheel should be translated as a Getrieberad.