Comment | A bigger problem for people learning English (and sometimes native speakers as well) may be choosing the right punctuation to match the part of speech. Ghol's post above was confusing because he mispunctuated the sentence with 'however,' creating a common error known as a run-on sentence. That's the same mistake described in Mattes's Fowler quote as 'using _however_ as a simple substitute for _but_.'
Here's an overview for reference.
A) coordinating conjunctions (but, yet)
The results were generally disappointing, but the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing, yet the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. But the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. Yet the study paved the way for further research.
(Beginning a new sentence with a coordinating conjunction can seem abrupt, casual, unpolished, rough, jolting. Many writers avoid it in formal writing except to give an occasional unusual emphasis.)
B) subordinating conjunctions (although, while)
Although the results were generally disappointing, the study paved the way for further research. While the results were generally disappointing, the study paved the way for further research.
('While' is more casual; many writers prefer to use it in formal writing only in a temporal sense.)
C) adverb (however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still)
The results were generally disappointing; however, the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing; nevertheless, the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. However, the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. Nevertheless, the study paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. The study, however, paved the way for further research. The results were generally disappointing. The study nevertheless paved the way for further research.
(Moving the adverb into the middle of the main clause can seem rather formal, sometimes even stilted. 'Nonetheless' is quite formal and not very common. 'Still' is more casual; many writers prefer to use it in formal writing only in a temporal sense.)
D) preposition (despite, in spite of)
Despite disappointing results, the study paved the way for further research. In spite of disappointing results, the study paved the way for further research. |
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