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5.3.4.5. Andar + gerund and estar + gerund
The Spanish grammarians have repeatedly noted (see Meier 1933; Alonso 1939)25 that andar + gerund
seems to be an emphatic substitution for estar, an emphatic device for signalling some form of stylistic marking.
This observation has some interesting consequences with respect to the interaction with actional value
since what andar and estar have in common is that they are both durative and non-telic and this is the
reason why they can be easily interchanged. On the other hand, there is not the same degree of
interchangeability between ir and estar. Andar can substitute for estar in order to signal some form of
emphatic marking and this change is not restricted to periphrastic constructions, since in pure locative
contexts estar can also be replaced by andar in emphatic cases:
(278) ¿Dónde están mis gafas? Por ahí andarán (from Moliner 1966)
* Where are my glasses? They must be (lit. must walk) over there
(279) Ese pueblo anda por el norte de España (from Moliner 1966) 'That village is (lit. walks) in the
North of Spain'
(280) Pensaba Abraham que los restos de Adán y Eva no andaban muy lejos, así como el lugar en
el que estuvo el Edén (El País 26/2/94. 4) 'Abraham thought that the remains of Adam and Eve were
(lit. walked) not very far away, and also the place where Edén was
(281) ¿Dónde andaba?
'Where was (lit. walked (IP)) ' (a speaker in a conference after an interruption)'
Note that in (278-281) andar does not denote real movement, but solely location, just like estar.
Turning to the periphrastic constructions, Spaulding (1926: 259) maintains that "Andar often seems
to be merely a lively, and colloquial, substitute for estar" and Yllera (1980: 77) notes that andar + gerund
often substitutes for estar + gerund in order to express hyperbolic intensity:
(282) ¡Siempre estás quejándote.' (You are always complaining)
(283) ¡Siempre andas quejándote/ 'You are always complaining (lit. walk complaining)!'
