Some clarification of the various uses of "while":

while

Definition of while (Entry 2 of 4)

1a : during the time that take a nap while I'm out

b : as long as while there's life there's hope

2a : when on the other hand : whereas easy for an expert, while it is dangerous for a novice

b : in spite of the fact that : although while respected, he is not liked

3 : similarly and at the same time that while the book will be welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general reader — British Book News

I suspect that this is a case of the use in 2b, but it's not entirely clear.

(For a similar reason, I prefer to use "because" over "as" when the causal meaning is intended since "as" has both a causal and a temporal meaning. It seems like most BE speakers have no problems with that lack of clarity since they almost always use "as" in their translations when I would use "because.")

Da wir täglich viel neue Dinge lernen wollen.....

Das ist allerdings nicht die Bedeutung im OP.

Meine erste Idee war auch 'Auch wenn', aber alle anderen Vorschläge passen auch IMO.

Oder ist diese Bedeutung dann mit "while" im Englischen nicht idiomatisch, und müsste dann wirklich mit "as long as" ausgedrückt werden?

As I pointed out earlier, "while" has a number of meanings in English, and it is used correctly here. As indicated in the dictionary definitions in #5, "as long as" is one of those meanings. (Don't people read such postings?)

However, and as I said in #5, I find that "in spite of the fact" fits this case the best. For example: In spite of the fact that they are learning many new things, the person want to know more, namely, what the are going to do today. (With that emphasis.)

Also, there's nothing in the OP that indicates anything in the sense of "wollen."

I really think it's high time that cyberbert indicated whether there is any more context he could give us.

#11 I agree with your first sentence.

Your second statement: I'm not sure "while" in the temporal sense could really be replaced with "as long as", since the latter is be likely to be interpreted as "provided that".

Yes -- I don't think that "as long as" would make any sense, whether it was temporal or meant "provided that".

I think one could use it in AE, where "as long as " can mean "since" or "given that":(*)

2 : inasmuch as, since as long as you're going, I'll go too

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/as...

(*) if one thought that this was the intended meaning here.

I think this is either 1a or 2b from #5, but there's insufficient context.