I think so. Job is a very general word...it can also mean task (Aufgabe), among other things. But do you actually mean "career" here?

Actually I think job is very specific. Profession is broader and I think it is closer to the German "Beruf."

Wie sagt man....ein Beruf, durch den man viel verdienen kann?

For example:

You can make a lot of money in the medical PROFESSION.

If you are a doctor, that is your OCCUPATION (or job).

Dictionary definitions that apply here (from Miriam Webster)...

Profession:
4 a : a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation b : a principal calling, vocation, or employment

Job:
3 a specific duty, role, or function

Carreer:
3 : a field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement especially in public, professional, or business life
4 : a profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling  

Seriously - job is way more general.

@Bill and Helmi (I'm talking BE, OK!) - a profession is a certain type of work - being a plumber is not a profession. The professions are jobs such as doctor, lawyer that sort of thing. I agree with atlantic in that "job" is very general. However, I don't agree that "career" is necessarily the right word - we do not know what sort of "Beruf" is being talked about. To stay with the example of plumbing - you wouldn't really make a career in plumbing (unless you built up your own company etc etc but let's just stay with the normal job).
You could ask: What is his profession? He is a doctor/He is in the medical profession.
Equally you could ask: What is his occupation? He is a doctor/plumber etc (broader spectrum)
Occupation = Beschäftigung
So I wouldn't see that as being what you would talk about in the sense of "Beruf". You can also talk about a "suitable occupation for your leisure time"

In the situation of talking about future plans, it might be best to say "I would like to train as ...a doctor/plumber/bank clerk/lawyer/secretary..."
"I would like to become a ..."

I didn't realise that this simple question was going to make me think so much!! :)