Hypotaxis; hypotactical: clausal
Parataxis; paratactic(al): phrasal

It certainly exists. As far as I remember, the nouns are more common. I also remember the distinction between phrasal and clausal constructions as a description of writing styles.

The ideas #1 has brought up sound wrong to me.

In German paratactical style/means a kind of writing that is dominated by indepedendent main clauses (associated with Hemingway, for example), whereas a "hypotactic" style, exhibiting "hypotaxis" is dominated by more complex sentence structures with lots of adverbial clauses.

Both "hypotactic" as well as "hypotaxis" are listed in the Merriam Webster.

Ich hatte es bis jetzt immer so verstanden:

Parataxe - Gefüge aus Hauptsätzen (nebengeordnet)

Hypotaxe - Gefüge aus Haupt- und Nebensatz (o. Nebensätzen)

Da sebastian w aber sonst (fast)n immer Recht hat :-), kann es auch sein, dass ich mich irre.

Vielleicht ginge paratactic(al?) sentence structure? "Syntax" klingt ein bisschen hochgegriffen, ist mehr als Satzbau.

Sounds fine to me.
I think I will use either "paratactical / hypotactical sentence structure" or "parataxis / hypotaxis".
Thanks to all of you!

Mäxmän-
I'd stongly recommend just to use "paratactic" and "hypotactic".

Okay.

@Ingeborg: Warum solltest du dich (ausnahmsweise)irren? So verstehe ich Hypotaxe und Parataxe auch. :-)
Ich habe nur gesagt, dass 'hypotactic' existiert, weil das die ursprüngliche Frage war. Hypotaxis = syntactic subordination.

Second thoughts: "hypotactical" sounds clumsy, and my Webster's actually prefers "hypotactic" but includes the "-al"-variant for "paratactic" (I apologize that I got it the other way round in my first answer). So I also agree with #5.
It depends on the context if it refers to sentence structure (of individual sentences) or a specific writing style (Hemingway vs. Thomas Mann).

"Phrasal" and "clausal" constructions refer to the same thing, but this seems to be very rare. I remember having read it somewhere and it is in my three-way Glossary of Literary Terms. As there are many other uses of these terms, especially of "phrasal", I wouldn't recomend them.

Mäxmän hat sich schon richtig entschieden.