E: Umpolungno dictionary entries
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmpolungUmpolung
Umpolung or polarity inversion in organic chemistry is the chemical modification of a functional group with
the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible [1]. The concept was introduced by D. Seebach (hence the German word umpolung for reversed polarity) and E.J. Corey. Classic umpolung applications can be found in Grignard reagents and in the Benzoin condensation.
Fischer C., Smith S. W., Powell D. A., Fu G. C. (2006). "Umpolung of Michael Acceptors Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes". Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (5): 1472 - 1473. DOI:10.1021/ja058222q.
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/gtpoc/TtZ.html#25umpolung
Any process by which the normal alternating donor and acceptor reactivity pattern of a chain, which is due to the presence of O or N heteroatoms,
is interchanged. Reactivity umpolung is most often achieved by temporary exchange of heteroatoms (N, O) by others, such as P, S, and Se.
The original meaning of the term has been extended to the reversal of any commonly accepted reactivity pattern. For example, reaction of R-C[triple bond]CX (X = halide) as a synthon for "R-C[triple bond]C+ (i.e. electrophilic acetylene) is an umpolung of the normal more common acetylide, R-C[triple bond]C- (i.e. nucleophilic) reactivity. SEEBACH (1979).
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D+E:
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/ab...Review: Methods of Reactivity Umpolung
Prof. Dr. Dieter Seebach
Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English Volume 18, Issue 4 , Pages 239 - 258
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/ab...Methoden der Reaktivitätsumpolung
Prof. Dr. Dieter Seebach
Angewandte Chemie Volume 91, Issue 4 , Pages 259 - 278
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Deutsch:Reaktionen:
Corey-Seebach-Synthese (Reaktivitäts-Umpolung); Reduktion (Defunktionalisierung). 2.4 Reaktion mit Stickstoff-Nucleophilen ...
http://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/~stark/te...http://www.oci.uni-hannover.de/AK_Kalesse/OCF...Umpolung – eine wichtige Synthesestrategie in der organischen Chemie
1. Geschichte der UmpolungDer Begriff Umpolung ist eng verbunden mit dem Namen des deutschen Chemie-Nobelpreis-
Trägers Prof. Dr. Georg Wittig. Am 12. April 1951 veröffentlichte er zusammen mit Paul Davis und Günter Koenig einen Artikel mit dem Titel „Phenantrensynthesen über intraionische Isomerisation“. In diesem wird zum ersten Mal der Begriff „Umpolung“ verwendet und charakterisiert die in Schema 1 aufgeführte Reaktion.
Das durch das elektronenziehende Bromatom positiv polarisierte C-Atom wird durch den Austausch des Broms durch Lithium negativ polarisiert. Die Ladung des C-Atoms wird umgepolt. Dieses erste Konzept der Umpolung wurde jedoch nicht weiter beachtet und war auch noch alles andere als umfassend. 1979 wurde das Thema jedoch von Dieter Seebach wieder aufgegriffen. In seiner Veröffentlichung „Methoden der Reaktivitätsumpolung“ erweiterte er den Begriff Umpolung auf die Inversion von Reaktivitätszentren und klassifizierte die bereits vorhandenen Umpolungsmethoden. Dieses Konzept fand allgemeine Annerkennung.
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Google-Hits auf .edu516 for umpolung site:edu
umpolung: pole reversal; reversion of polarity; turn-over ... suggested the German word umpolung as a concise expression for. the concept. Seebach Chem. ...
www.princeton.edu/~orggroup/supergroup_pdf/Umpolung2.pdf
Umpolung Chemistry: Recent Developments in the .... Stoichiometric umpolung reagents required to selectively cross couple (ie dithianes, ...
www.columbia.edu/cu/chemistry/groups/leighton/gm/20061016-KT-Umpolung.pdf
The concept of "Umpolung" or reversal of reactivity is demonstrated in the preparation of complexes. The complex Co(dmgH)2(4-t-BuPy)Et is formed by the ...
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JChEd..75..447J
umpolung of the normal more common acetylide, R–C≡C ... “Umpolung Chemistry ” of Aldehydes – Early Examples. ♦ Cyanohydrin as aldehyde umpolung: ...
www.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/wulff/myweb26/Literature_pdf/2004-03-18.pdf
Reactivity Umpolung: reversal of normal polarity. electrophiles become nucleophiles .... Acyl anions are the most sought umpolung reagents ...
www.swmed.edu/readylab/images/lectures/umpolung.pdf
Since the carbonyl group plays an essential role in a majority of the classical reactions listed above, development of umpolung equivalents would be create ...
www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtTxtJml/synth2.htm
The nucleophilic palladium-mediated allylation of a carbonyl group requires the inversion of the reactivity (umpolung) of the [eta]3-allylpalladium moiety. ...
www.chem.umd.edu/gso/index.php?option=com_newsfeeds&task=view&feedid=48&Itemid=35
Umpolung of Michael Acceptors. Fischer, C.; Smith, S. W.; Powell, D. A.; Fu, ... Umpolung. • Seebach, D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1979, 18, 239-258. ...
www.cchem.berkeley.edu/trngrp/traunerweb/Groupmeetings/nheterocycliccarbenecatalysis.pdf
Stetter reaction · umpolung. P. rocesses mediated by small nucleo- .... umpolung re-. actions will stimulate chemists to dare ...
www.chem.uky.edu/courses/che535/AC/asymmetric.stetter.reaction.pdf
2-Cyanoethylzinc iodide: A new reagent with reactivity umpolung." Tetrahedron Letters 29(20): 2395-2396. Abstract:, 2-Cyanoethylzinc iodide 1 generated in ...
deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/27612
SYLLABUS: Advanced Organic Synthesis 4:229 (Fall 2005)
Analysis, Polarity Reversal (Umpolung); Protecting Groups ... Retrosynthetic analysis: Disconnections with polarity reversal (umpolung) ...
www.chem.uiowa.edu/faculty/friestad/group/229syllabus.pdf
2-Cyanoethylzinc iodide: A new reagent with reactivity umpolung." Tetrahedron Letters 29(20): 2395-2396.
sambuca.umdl.umich.edu:8080/handle/2027.42/27612