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    sources of English vocabulary

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    sources of English vocabulary

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    Here's an article which shows the sources of English vocabulary. Note particularly the chart at the top of the page. Click on 1950-present, and Cumulative to see the sources for modern English.

    http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/201...

    The chart doesn't show percentages, but it looks like roughly 75% of the vocabulary comes from Latin and French. Less than 10% comes from German. More English vocabulary originates in Greek (meaning ancient Greek) than German.
    Author eric (new york) (63613) 28 Sep 15, 00:44
    Comment
    If the conclusion is to be that English is closer to Greek than it is to German, it is wrong. There was a lot of overlap between Old English and the Germanic languages. So technically these words may not qualify as coming from German, they nevertheless mark a relationship that never existed with Greek.
    #1Author mbshu (874725) 28 Sep 15, 02:16
    Comment
    You must distinguish between words seen as individual entries in the lexicon, and words as they occur in actual use. For example 'house' and 'edifice' are each one entry in the lexicon, but an analysis of spoken and written texts will doubtless reveal that 'house' occurs vastly more frequently than 'edifice'. Moreover it is possible to create new words from Greek and Latin roots virtually ad infinitum, which cannot be done, or at least isn't done, with Germanic roots. So the observation in the OP is technically true, but irrelevant. The fact that most of the potential vocabulary that an English speaker or writer can draw on is based on Latin and Greek roots does not make English fundamentally a less Germanic language (any more than the fact that a massive part of the Japanese vocabulary is Chinese means that Japanese is linguistically (rather than culturally) related to Chinese, which it isn't).
    #2Author escoville (237761) 28 Sep 15, 06:25
    Comment
    Excuse me, escoville, but a house and an edifice aren't necessarily the same thing. An edifice can be a house or a building, depending on context, but not every building is a house, and neither is every edifice, so to me, edifice is more akin to a building than a house.
    #3Author dude (253248) 28 Sep 15, 06:32
    Comment
    dude, did I ever say they were the same thing? I could equally well have chosen 'man' and 'zygodactylous'. (The only reason I chose 'edifice' was that it was the first thing that came into my head after choosing 'house'.)
    #4Author escoville (237761) 28 Sep 15, 08:17
    Comment
    Man muss die Aussagen genau lesen. Es handelt sich um Lehnwörter (es ist nie vom Gesamtvokabular die Rewde, sondern nur von loanwords, die in den jeweiligen Zeiträumen neu ins englische Vokabular eingewandert sind -- seit 1050, weil man für die Zeit davor nicht genügend präzise Daten hat.

    In welche Sprache sind sie aber eingewandert? Ich hätte jetzt geraten, ins Old English. Aber seht euch die verlinkte Grafik an (nach dem Satz "If you would like to see the numbers behind the graphic, a selection of graphs and charts from Borrowed Words is available here", PDF).

    Das Tortendiagramm 2.3 zeigt ein kleines Segment "Old English", dazu Französish und Latein. Der Löwenanteil (ungefähr zwei Drittel) heißt "Others". Was ist damit gemeint? Das ist ohne Erläuterung nicht zu verstehen. Es muss der Teil der Sprache sein, in den die Neuzugänge aufgenommen wurden. Man beachte auch den Unterschied zwischen Lemmata (Kopfeinträge im OED), links, und sämtlichen Wörtern (einschließlich der Ableitungen, rechts). Das gibt einen Hinweis darauf, wie produktiv die einzelnen Wörter für die Neubildung von abgeleiteten Wörtern sind (Verben oder Adjektive von Substantiven o.ä.). Und dabei zeigt sich, dass die Neuzugänge deutlich weniger produktiv sind als die "others". Das heißt, dass von Griechisch oder Latein sehr viel weniger neue Wörter abgeleitet wurden als von "others", was immer damit gemeint ist. Grob gesagt: Fremdwörter bleiben auf ihre Spezialbedeutung festgelegt, vorhandene einheimische Wörter bilden häufiger neue Wörter in derselben Wortart oder anderen.

    Der Gesamtbestand an Lehnwörtern nebst deren Derivaten beträgt nach dieser Grafik (2.3 ii) etwas über 20%. Keine weltbewegende Erkenntnis, if you ask me.
    #5Author sebastianW (382026) 28 Sep 15, 15:54
    Comment
    @escoville: no, you didn't say that, but by using both words it seemed to me you were using them as alternatives, sort of like lamb and mutton, cow and beef, etc.
    #6Author dude (253248) 28 Sep 15, 17:59
     
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