if you enter those two words in , say , wikipedia, you will get a detailed enough definition

analogy:
drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; "the operation of a computer presents and interesting analogy to the working of the brain"; "the models show by analogy how matter is built up"

metaphor:
a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

"I hate Shakespeare!" is supposed to be a metonymy, but what is the difference to "England won the World Cup" (synecdoche)? Isn't it both denoting the whole for a part?

And also, does that mean analogy isn't a figure of speech? And is it correct that allegory and personification denote the same thing? because in German they don't, do they?

check this webpage:

http://www.tnellen.com/cybereng/lit_terms/ind...

this might help

@Tine #3: No. "I hate Shakespeare!" (not really) is the person for the thing, i.e. William Shakespeare stands in for his works - unless you mean you have met the man and dislike him personally. There is an organic, causal relationship, i.e. metonymy.

"England won the World Cup" is the whole for the part. Obviously the entire country didn't go to the World Cup, just the soccer team.

"Take her hand in marriage" is the part for the whole. One doesn't marry just a hand but an entire person.

Aren't you glad we can just use figures of speech in daily conversation and don't have to name which ones they are?

@#4: Allegory and personification aren't the same in English, either. Personification treats a thing as if it were a person. "The morning stars sang to gather, the mountains clapped their hands" are a couple of biblical personficiations. Many people personify their pets, treating them as if they were children. An allegory is an extended metaphor. One of the most famous allegories in English literature is "Pilgrim's Progress" by John Bunyan.

biblical personIfications

@ robert: Thank you! Still very difficult to distinguish in many cases between synecdoche, metaphor and metonymy... I'll keep trying. Thank God it's just for class!