My PONS-dictionary gives "gelangweilt" and "gleichgültig" as possible translations - and the other way round for German "blasiert" in English: "arrogant" and "blasé" . Actually, "gleichgültig" and "gelangweilt" is not so far from "blasiert", but you are right that it is not exactly the same. When I think of a "blasierte" person, it would always be someone with a touch of arrogance, looking down on others as somewhat inferior beings. The attitude that is expressed in your quotations on the other hand seems to be a less arrogant one. Still, it is a kind of: not being touched by earthly and mean affairs. I wonder, whether one can be "blasé" by simply having a calm character ("gelassen", "über den Dingen stehend") without necessarily thinking too negative about ones fellow human beings.

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I agree with Nicole, "blasé" / "blasiert" appear to be false friends, although they derive from the same French word. blasé = sophisticated seems to be a recent (or AE) sense of the word as it is not in the OED (nor in the supplements to the OED2). I haven't been able to check Macquarie as the website seems to be down.

OED2:
blasé, a. [Fr.; pa. pple of blaser to exhaust by enjoyment, a modern word of unknown etymol.]
a. Exhausted by enjoyment, weary and disgusted with it; used up. 1819 Byron Juan XII. lxxxi. A little 'blasé' -- 'tis not to be wonder'd At, that his heart had got a tougher rind [...]
b. Bored or unimpressed through overfamiliarity; insensitive; supercilious. 1930 N. Coward Private Lives [...]

http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin...
Main Entry: bla·sé
Function: adjective
Etymology: French
: apathetic to pleasure or life especially as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment : SOPHISTICATED <the blasé traveler likes to refer to the ocean he has crossed as "the pond" -- R.E.Coker> : WORLD-WEARY <the blasé indifference of ... the people -- Jack Belden>

Chambers Dictionary of Etymology
blasé adj. bored, tired of pleasures. 1819 in Bryon's Don Juan, borrowed from French blasé, past participle of blaser exhaust with pleasure, satiate; said to be of unknown origin, but propbably from Dutch balsen to blow, cognate with Old High German blasan to blow; see BLAST

Klein, Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language:
blasé, adj., surfeited. -- F. pp. of blaser, 'to blunt, cloy, surfeit', fr. Du. blazen, 'to blow', which is related to ON. blasa, OHG. blasan, 'to blow' and to E. blast (q.v.) F. blasé orig. meant 'puffed up under the effect of drinking'.

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Duden Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache:
bla|siert <adj.> [zu frz. blasé, urspr. = (von Flüssigkeiten) übersättigt, 2. Part. von blaser = abstumpfen, abnutzen, H.u.] (abwertend): überheblich, dünkelhaft u. herablassend

Duden Deutsches Universalwörterbuch:
bla|siert <Adj.; -er, -este> [zu frz. blasé, urspr. = (von Flüssigkeiten) übersättigt, 2. Part. von blaser = abstumpfen, abnutzen, H.u.] (abwertend): gelangweilt-überheblich, dünkelhaft-herablassend

So as to a possible translation one might also suggest words as:
gelassen
unberührt
kultiviert
verfeinert
abgehoben
and the like as blasé then is more or less a synonym for sophisticated.

I think we need to be a bit careful with the sense "sophisticated". Looking at the example sentence given by Webster's 3rd International (the blasé traveler likes to refer to the ocean he has crossed as "the pond"), I am not so sure the idea expressed is really "kultiviert", "verfeinert". It seems to refer to a globetrotter who has been everywhere and seen everything ("been there, done that, got the t-shirt"), and "unimpressed through overfamiliarity" (to quote from the OED2) refers to the ocean as a pond in mild condescension. So in that example sentence the meaning of "blasé" seems (at least to me) to be closer to "blasiert" then "sophisticated" = "kultiviert" / "verfeinert". I say closer and not identical because "blasiert" certainly has negative connotations ("abwertend") whereas "blasé" doesn't seem to have them. I hope the native speakers of English can help us with the fine nuances here.

Actually, as a native English speaker, I would say that blasé and blasiert are quite close equivalents, if not equal. There is the same sort of negative connotation in both, the same sort of world-weariness. I would never use blasé as an equivalent for sophisticated, but it is correct that a sophisticated person might be blasé. I hope this helps.